REAL WORLD EVENT DISCUSSIONS

global sustainable CO2 emissions

POSTED BY: 1KIKI
UPDATED: Saturday, February 22, 2014 03:35
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Monday, February 10, 2014 11:21 PM

1KIKI

Goodbye, kind world (George Monbiot) - In common with all those generations which have contemplated catastrophe, we appear to be incapable of understanding what confronts us.


this is a marker for further discussion

My post tried to determine whether or not the German per capita CO2 emission of 10 tons per year is a sustainable global goal: http://www.fireflyfans.net/mthread.aspx?bid=18&tid=57451&p=2

The calculation is straightforward. There is a proposed maximum CO2 load we can emit into the atmosphere before we have a 50% chance of driving global warming beyond 2C. I simply calculated how much CO2 headroom we had left since the paper was published, took the current population and multiplied it by 10 tons/ year; and found that at that rate and population we had about 20 years of CO2 emissions left.

Therefore, the German annual per capita emission rate of 10 tons per year isn't sustainable.

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Wednesday, February 12, 2014 10:15 AM

GEEZER

Keep the Shiny side up


Reading your links in the other thread cited above, I found that some of the figures appeared not to jibe with ones I've seen. For example, the Washington Post article shows 2012 global emissions at 34.5 billion tons[sic], but the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center shows only 9.66 tonnes.

Since CDIAC has a 'contact us' page for questions, I asked about this discrepancy I often see in CO2 figures, hoping they'd eventually get back to me.

About an hour later I had my response (your government at work).

Seems that some folks (including CDIAC) report units of carbon, while others report units of carbon dioxide. To convert from one to the other, use a factor of 3.667, which is the difference in molecular weight between CO2 and C (44/12).

Also, some estimates include carbon from cement production and bunker fuels, and some do not.

Good stuff to know as we explore CO2 emissions.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/11/01/global-carb
on-emissions-grew-more-slowly-in-2012-will-they-ever-decline


http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/meth_reg.html




"When your heart breaks, you choose what to fill the cracks with. Love or hate. But hate won't ever heal. Only love can do that."

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Wednesday, February 12, 2014 12:02 PM

SECOND

The Joss Whedon script for Serenity, where Wash lives, is Serenity-190pages.pdf at https://www.mediafire.com/folder/1uwh75oa407q8/Firefly


Quote:

Originally posted by Geezer:

Good stuff to know as we explore CO2 emissions.

All the fossil fuels now buried in the ground are potentially worth hundreds of trillions of dollars. The slower the fossil fuel is burned, the slower the flow of money. Fuel that is not burnt will not earn money. (Some fossil fuel does become plastic, not CO2, but not much.) So the owners of the fuel are highly motivated by that potential pile of money to burn all the fuel to CO2 as fast as there is money to be made. www.statista.com/topics/1046/us-fossil-fuel-consumption/

The fossil fuel owners do have a technical problem they need to solve before they can collect the last few tens of trillions of dollars. It is not the problem of where to store all their money, because there are banks for that, but where to store all their CO2. The atmosphere is that place for now. There needs to be a better place for storage. Maybe convert CO2 into fuel, then bury the fuel in the ground? Then the fuel is back where it began and the cycle continues unstoppably.

The Joss Whedon script for Serenity, where Wash lives, is Serenity-190pages.pdf at www.mediafire.com/folder/1uwh75oa407q8/Firefly

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Thursday, February 13, 2014 9:06 AM

GEEZER

Keep the Shiny side up


Quote:

Originally posted by second:
Quote:

Originally posted by Geezer:

Good stuff to know as we explore CO2 emissions.

All the fossil fuels now buried in the ground are potentially worth hundreds of trillions of dollars. The slower the fossil fuel is burned, the slower the flow of money. Fuel that is not burnt will not earn money. (Some fossil fuel does become plastic, not CO2, but not much.) So the owners of the fuel are highly motivated by that potential pile of money to burn all the fuel to CO2 as fast as there is money to be made. www.statista.com/topics/1046/us-fossil-fuel-consumption/

The fossil fuel owners do have a technical problem they need to solve before they can collect the last few tens of trillions of dollars. It is not the problem of where to store all their money, because there are banks for that, but where to store all their CO2. The atmosphere is that place for now. There needs to be a better place for storage. Maybe convert CO2 into fuel, then bury the fuel in the ground? Then the fuel is back where it began and the cycle continues unstoppably.



Fossil fuel is also the cheapest(in the short term), is most available, already has the infrastructure in place to use it, and uses settled and cost-effective technology. What with the strong turn against nuclear, the expense of setting up solar or wind systems, and the problems of storing wind or solar generated electricity to provide 24/7 power, a lot of developing countries are going to increase use of coal rather than push for conservation and renewables, which won't let them expand their economies at as high a rate.


"When your heart breaks, you choose what to fill the cracks with. Love or hate. But hate won't ever heal. Only love can do that."

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Friday, February 14, 2014 3:32 PM

SIGNYM

I believe in solving problems, not sharing them.


Quote:

The calculation is straightforward. There is a proposed maximum CO2 load we can emit into the atmosphere before we have a 50% chance of driving global warming beyond 2C. I simply calculated how much CO2 headroom we had left since the paper was published, took the current population and multiplied it by 10 tons/ year; and found that at that rate and population we had about 20 years of CO2 emissions left.
So, my first stumble came about with the notion of "maximum CO2 load". Carbon dioxide is being removed from the atmosphere at some rate, so it's not like there's a static amount of space "available" for emissions - like an empty bucket that can be filled. It's more like a bucket with a hole in it. Maybe it's a very small hole compared to how quickly the bucket's being filled (CO2 has an approx 100-year lifespan before removal from atmosphere) and can be safely ignored for calculation purposes, but I'd like to know what that value is. I guess I would like to know the actual upper bound... how much CO2 can we safely emit into the atmosphere "forever" (or at least until removal mechanisms change).

If you could provide a link to the carbon load info, I would appreciate it.

But using that carbon load as a basis - Cuba's per capita emissions are approximately 1/5 of Germany's. If everyone were to either drop down to that level (or build up to it) we could stretch out our "do or die" timeline to 100 years.

What would that mean? Cuba has worked pretty hard to improve their living standard on a meager energy diet. During their energy crisis, they moved farms into the cities, cities into the farms, decentralized education, and (in general) attempted to reduce their transportation costs, which represented their largest energy usage. As a result, the average diet improved, but living in high-rise apartments became a misery. They probably represent the best that can be achieved (small nation, low transport costs, temperate climate, but also poor access to energy from non-fossil fuels). For many people in the USA and the EU, it would mean a reduced living standard (altho a step up for the United States' poorest of the poor, if we followed Cuba's healthcare example). For many people around the world, it would be a step up.

It would be a challenge to our ingenuity to get the most possible out of those CO2 emission limits. For one thing, we would no longer be able to afford those fuel-guzzling jet fighters and ships. Unlike Cuba, we have the manufacturing capacity to shift from fossil fuels to other sources, should we choose.


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Saturday, February 15, 2014 3:31 AM

1KIKI

Goodbye, kind world (George Monbiot) - In common with all those generations which have contemplated catastrophe, we appear to be incapable of understanding what confronts us.


"If you could provide a link to the carbon load info, I would appreciate it."

At your service. Not to the letter itself, which must be purchased, but to the abstract. They consider the timeframe to be till 2050. Any CO2 total that hits the CO2 limit b4 that timeframe is considered to have a 50% chance of driving global mean temperatures up more than 2C.

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7242/full/nature08017.html

"Cuba's per capita emissions are approximately 1/5 of Germany's"

I remember you had worked up some calculations regarding relative CO2 emissions and economies. If you could provide that link(s) to your post(s) I'd appreciate it. I think there was information I'd like to get back to.

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Saturday, February 15, 2014 9:18 AM

GEEZER

Keep the Shiny side up


Quote:

Originally posted by SIGNYM:
But using that carbon load as a basis - Cuba's per capita emissions are approximately 1/5 of Germany's. If everyone were to either drop down to that level (or build up to it) we could stretch out our "do or die" timeline to 100 years.

What would that mean? Cuba has worked pretty hard to improve their living standard on a meager energy diet. During their energy crisis, they moved farms into the cities, cities into the farms, decentralized education, and (in general) attempted to reduce their transportation costs, which represented their largest energy usage. As a result, the average diet improved, but living in high-rise apartments became a misery. They probably represent the best that can be achieved (small nation, low transport costs, temperate climate, but also poor access to energy from non-fossil fuels). For many people in the USA and the EU, it would mean a reduced living standard (altho a step up for the United States' poorest of the poor, if we followed Cuba's healthcare example). For many people around the world, it would be a step up.

It would be a challenge to our ingenuity to get the most possible out of those CO2 emission limits. For one thing, we would no longer be able to afford those fuel-guzzling jet fighters and ships. Unlike Cuba, we have the manufacturing capacity to shift from fossil fuels to other sources, should we choose.



Actually, per the CDIAC, Germany's per capita emissions are 2.47 tonnes (2010), while Cuba's are .93, so not quite 1/5th. More like 2/5th.

Then again, there are better examples of countries with close to the same GDP per capita as Cuba, but less emissions per capita.

Cuba has emissions per capita (EPC) of .93 and GDP per capita (GDPPC) of $10,200.

Panama has EPC of .75 and GDPPC of $15,900

Brazil has EPC of .59 and GDPPC of $12,100

The Dominican Republic has EPC of .58 and GDPPC of $9,800

Costa Rica has EPC of .45 and GDPPC of $12,800

EPC figures from http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/top2010.cap and are for carbon units, not CO2, as discussed above.

GDPPC figures from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita using the CIA figures, since the IMF and World Bank don't list Cuba's GDPPC.


"When your heart breaks, you choose what to fill the cracks with. Love or hate. But hate won't ever heal. Only love can do that."

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Saturday, February 15, 2014 11:38 AM

SIGNYM

I believe in solving problems, not sharing them.


I use Cuba because it is a more-or-less self-sustaining economy.

Costa Rica, Brazil, Panama, and the DR have large inputs from other economies which reduce the amount of manufacturing necessary to sustain their national GDP. Costa Rica and the DR get a lot of $$ from tourism, Brazil exports a huge amount of soy and beef and (illegally logged) timber, and Panama gets a lot of $$ from the Canal. Those economies don't make all of the concrete, fabric, metal, and so forth necessary for their modern economies. But that manufacturing doesn't "go away", it's just shifted to some other nation to pick up the per capita carbon dioxide emissions.

Yanno, kind of like the USA and China. We excoriate them for their emissions, but... really... they're just selling to us. It's OUR demand that drove those emissions, and our export of manufacturing that reduced ours.

Anyway, because those nations' GDPs depend on other nations doing their manufacturing for them, they don't represent a realistic global average. We have to factor that in, because SOMEBODY has to do the manufacturing!



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Saturday, February 15, 2014 11:54 AM

SIGNYM

I believe in solving problems, not sharing them.


KIKI- I just went here for a rough cut. I copy-pasted the data into a spreadsheet (it was a formatting nightmare) then ranked the nations by per capita emissions. I also looked at energy consumption.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_carbon_dioxide_emiss
ions_per_capita



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Saturday, February 15, 2014 12:51 PM

1KIKI

Goodbye, kind world (George Monbiot) - In common with all those generations which have contemplated catastrophe, we appear to be incapable of understanding what confronts us.


It was the choice of Cuba argument, as I recall, an argument you recapitulated here. I did remember some of it (the reason for the Costa Rica CO2/ GDP ratio), but was amazed at how much I had forgotten.

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Saturday, February 15, 2014 1:11 PM

1KIKI

Goodbye, kind world (George Monbiot) - In common with all those generations which have contemplated catastrophe, we appear to be incapable of understanding what confronts us.


So, as I posted in the other thread http://www.fireflyfans.net/mthread.aspx?bid=18&tid=57451&p=2 , we have about 1304 Gt of CO2 emissions left before 2050, or by simple subtraction, for the next ~35 years.

Current population is 7.2B http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ projected to reach 9.6B by 2050 http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=45165#.Uv-qwGlXais . Now, if I were to accurately estimate the representative population number in that span of time I'd literally have to use calculus - integrate the total area under a quadratic curve between the two limits and find the centroid. But I'm lazy, so I'm going to say that the average number of people over that time is a simple average of 8.4B people.

So the sustainable CO2 limit till 2050 is 1304 Gt / 35 yrs / 8.4B people or 4.4 tonnes per person per year, or 4.8 tons per person per year.


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Saturday, February 15, 2014 1:37 PM

1KIKI

Goodbye, kind world (George Monbiot) - In common with all those generations which have contemplated catastrophe, we appear to be incapable of understanding what confronts us.



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_carbon_dioxide_emiss
ions_per_capita


To compare countries to our 4.4 tonnes limit, using available figures from WIKI above, Qatar was the number 1 per capita emitter at 44.0 . The US emitted 17.4, and comfortable Germany 9.6 . In 2007 Mexico was at a break-even 4.4. But as SignyM pointed out, these countries can 'offshore' their CO2 emissions by 'offshoring' their oil and gas production, and cement production, as well as offshoring their general manufacturing.

In 2007, economically isolated and self-sufficient Cuba was at 2.4.




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Saturday, February 15, 2014 5:27 PM

SIGNYM

I believe in solving problems, not sharing them.


So if the real limit is... say... 2.4... what would we have to give up/ get rid of to meet that target?

Time to do some research...


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Saturday, February 15, 2014 6:17 PM

1KIKI

Goodbye, kind world (George Monbiot) - In common with all those generations which have contemplated catastrophe, we appear to be incapable of understanding what confronts us.


Well, my estimated limit is 4.4 tonnes.

I was just tossing that against current emissions to see how far off the mark countries are.

But given your caveat about countries exporting their CO2 emissions, I was curious about a country that's self-sufficient for CO2 emissions, and that's Cuba.

So then I thought about living standards and CO2 emissions. At 2.4 Cuba could almost double its emissions and still be under my estimated limit. That would improve their lifestyle immensely - it would even be something many countries would be grateful to enjoy. A 4.4 limit seems quite doable, and even livable.

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Saturday, February 15, 2014 11:43 PM

1KIKI

Goodbye, kind world (George Monbiot) - In common with all those generations which have contemplated catastrophe, we appear to be incapable of understanding what confronts us.


So, speaking of how to live at lower CO2 emissions ...

It occurred to me we could equate CO2 with dollars (or wealth equivalent). And one of the things Cuba DOESN'T have is a lot of CO2 emissions going to create excess profits, most of which are then concentrated in the hands of very few.

If we assume CO2 is linearly related with dollars, and "Oxfam: Richest 1% own nearly half of world's wealth", http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/01/20/davos-2014-oxfam-8
5-richest-people-half-world/4655337
/ by cutting out excess production that merely fills the coffers of the richest 1%, we could cut global CO2 emissions in half, without disturbing the standard of living of the rest of the 7+B people. Therefore, we could reduce current emissions from 34.5 Gt http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/11/01/global-carb
on-emissions-grew-more-slowly-in-2012-will-they-ever-decline
/ to 17.25 Gt by that measure alone. That ALONE would get us to a value of 2.3 tonnes per capita per year.

Therefore, by avoiding production that merely fills the coffers of the wealthiest 1%, we could easily reach our global target of 4.4 tonnes per person, per year, with 2.1 tonnes per person per year to spare.

We actually don't need to change our technology, just our economic production and distribution.

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Sunday, February 16, 2014 11:03 AM

1KIKI

Goodbye, kind world (George Monbiot) - In common with all those generations which have contemplated catastrophe, we appear to be incapable of understanding what confronts us.


So, as I indicated in my above post, we could drop the global CO2 annual per capita average to around 2.3 tonnes simply by eliminating the excess production that only goes to filling the coffers of the global 1%. Now that was a very rough estimate and I'll eventually refine the calculation, but it did lead to the next question: who are the global 1% ?

That's a question I'll have to leave for a day when I have less to do.

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Sunday, February 16, 2014 12:30 PM

6IXSTRINGJACK


When this movie was made....



Charlie's Goddesses were around 2 years old.


EDITED TO ADD:



The Brilliant, Late, Ron Silver.



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Sunday, February 16, 2014 1:48 PM

1KIKI

Goodbye, kind world (George Monbiot) - In common with all those generations which have contemplated catastrophe, we appear to be incapable of understanding what confronts us.


So, to recap

A rough estimate for per capita global sustainable CO2 emissions is 4.4 tonnes (4.8 tons).

An evenly distributed global living standard at 4.4 tonnes would include housing and adequate food for all, universal free education through high school, and universal free health care, at a minimum (Cuba's living standard at 2.4 tonnes).

To reach the global limit of 4.4 tonnes without negatively impacting the living standard of the bottom 99% of the world's population, we could eliminate excess production that merely creates wealth for the top global 1%. Meeting the CO2 cap does NOT require new technology. It just requires trimming excess production that doesn't benefit the population as a whole.

The next question to answer is: who is the global 1% ?

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Sunday, February 16, 2014 2:19 PM

SIGNYM

I believe in solving problems, not sharing them.


Theoretically, we could drop our world CO2 emissions by 50% by just... removing... the 85 people who account for half of the world's wealth. But dollars and CO2 emissions don't equate, because dollars can be created from - literally- nothing, while CO2 is a result of physical production. (The top 85 people are mostly banksters and "financiers" of various sorts, and even when their wealth is attached to some sort of production they still benefit from money-creation and financialism. So their money-wealth doesn't equate to emissions.)


I think in order to look at what we would have to do, I'm going to try to figure out WHERE our egregiously bloated per-capita CO2 emissions are going to in the first place. There is one figure that will be difficult if not impossible to obtain, and that is the emissions generated by our "defense" industries and aggressive patrolling of nearly ever square inch of the globe. I've heard that our military is the SINGLE LARGEST consumer of oil, but that may make up only 20% (For example). The military is pretty secretive about how much oil they require.



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Sunday, February 16, 2014 3:11 PM

1KIKI

Goodbye, kind world (George Monbiot) - In common with all those generations which have contemplated catastrophe, we appear to be incapable of understanding what confronts us.


"But dollars and CO2 emissions don't equate, because dollars can be created from - literally- nothing, while CO2 is a result of physical production."

That's true. What I'm hoping with my assumption is not that dollars and CO2 are equal, but they're proportional. But it may be that financialism is so prominent on the dollars side that that doesn't hold.


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Monday, February 17, 2014 12:03 PM

SIGNYM

I believe in solving problems, not sharing them.


I don't think they're proportional. People with no savings pend every dime on food, water, electricity, gasoline, medicine, transportation etc. Everything except rent and interest rate payments (money-rent) requires production of new items. But "savings" represent unspent money- money which is not necessarily going to demand new production.

Sometimes the wealthy use those savings to invest in production- new factories, for example- but quite often they speculate in already-produced items (paintings, diamonds, gold, Bitcoins, mansions, yachts, rental property and commercial real estate, existing factories). Also, a lot of that money is just newly-printed. It's made-up. So as producers of carbon dioxide, they're probably a lot higher than the average person (Those private jets spew a lot, and heating/ cooling a 40,000 sq ft mansion takes a lot of nat gas!) but not as high as their wealth would suggest.


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Monday, February 17, 2014 12:15 PM

1KIKI

Goodbye, kind world (George Monbiot) - In common with all those generations which have contemplated catastrophe, we appear to be incapable of understanding what confronts us.


I was thinking that wealth represents excess past production and CO2 (not necessarily current demand).

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Monday, February 17, 2014 12:51 PM

SIGNYM

I believe in solving problems, not sharing them.


I think wealth- particularly loans- represents the anticipation of future production/ expansion.



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Monday, February 17, 2014 1:56 PM

1KIKI

Goodbye, kind world (George Monbiot) - In common with all those generations which have contemplated catastrophe, we appear to be incapable of understanding what confronts us.


I was thinking about historically accumulated wealth that statically exists now - the wealth referred to on the report.

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Tuesday, February 18, 2014 12:40 AM

SIGNYM

I believe in solving problems, not sharing them.


But what is "wealth"? Currency? Gold? Real estate?


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Tuesday, February 18, 2014 6:24 AM

AURAPTOR

America loves a winner!



So, John Effing Kerry has come out and said AGW amounts to being a WMD. And which nation gets blamed the most for driving the imagined climate change ? The USA.

He's out SecState, and he's basically claiming the US is a threat to human life.


Isn't that at least approaching treason, if not being so, outright ?

Fathom the hypocrisy of a government that requires every citizen to prove they are insured... but not everyone must prove they are a citizen

I'm just a red pill guy in a room full of blue pill addicts.

" AU, that was great, LOL!! " - Chrisisall

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Saturday, February 22, 2014 3:35 AM

1KIKI

Goodbye, kind world (George Monbiot) - In common with all those generations which have contemplated catastrophe, we appear to be incapable of understanding what confronts us.


"But what is "wealth"? Currency? Gold? Real estate?"

That which is monetizable ...

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